AVALIAÇÃO DO CICLO DE VIDA DE TECNOLOGIAS FOTOVOLTAICAS
PANORAMA ATUAL DO TEMPO DE RETORNO DE INVESTIMENTO EM ENERGIA E CUSTOS ASSOCIADOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59627/cbens.2010.1668Palavras-chave:
Energia renovável, energia solar, avaliação do ciclo de vida, tempo de retorno de investimento em energiaResumo
Nas últimas duas décadas, o setor de energia fotovoltaica apresentou um significativo progresso em termos de capacidade anual de produção, inicialmente resultante dos avanços tecnológicos e conseqüentes melhorias no desempenho ambiental do seu ciclo de vida. Sob esta perspectiva, este trabalho apresenta uma análise crítica dos estudos de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) de tecnologias e sistemas de fotovoltaicos (FV), realizados nos últimos 10 anos. Particular atenção foi dedicada para o indicador de desempenho do sistema - Tempo de Retorno de Investimento em Energia (Energy Payback Time - EPBT). O objetivo principal deste estudo consiste em providenciar estimativas atuais e consistentes sobre o EPBT de diferentes tecnologias e sistemas FV, além de apresentar o estado da arte e os custos associados. As tecnologias FV existentes no mercado atual podem retornar o investimento em energia consumida no sistema nos primeiros anos (< 2 anos) de operação. Avanços nas tecnologias de produção são identificados como os fatores chaves para a redução do custo de investimento. Ademais, políticas ambientais e de suporte econômico são reconhecidas por favorecerem a crescente inserção de tecnologias FV no mercado energético.
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