HYBRID GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC INVERTERS WITH BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE
CLASSIFICATION, OPERATION MODES AND WORKING PRINCIPLES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59627/cbens.2016.1269Keywords:
Solar Fotovoltaica, Otimização, Cabo CCAbstract
Hybrid photovoltaic (PV) inverters operate connected to the grid and present battery energy storage to feed priority loads in the absence of grid. Thus, they have features of conventional grid-connected PV inverters and Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). The objective of this study is to present classification, operation modes and operating principles of hybrid inverters through literature review and discussion. The hybrid inverter classification were obtained based on the UPS classes described in standard IEC 62040. The operation modes are dependent on the internal static converters of the considered class. Generic criteria to select the operation modes are presented and discussed. Finally, operation principles of hybrid inverters are reviewed considering UPS and PV inverter standards. On and off-grid operations are discussed, as well as grid disconnection and reconnection procedures. The analysis shows that hybrid inverters can work as a load before finishing the minimum reconnection time describe in standard NBR 16149, so increasing battery autonomy. Also, it is highlighted that the transfer between on-grid and off-grid modes shall be soft to avoid unnecessary mechanical stress and overcurrent.
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