THERMAL COMFORT IN URBAN OPEN SPACE OF ARID ZONES. BIOCLIMATOLOGICAL AND HUMAN EVALUATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59627/cbens.2012.2002Keywords:
Confort Térmico, Espacios Abiertos, COMFA, Entrevistas EstructuradasAbstract
The thermal comfort of people in outdoor spaces is one of the factors that most affect their habitability. This research aims to achieve a better understanding of microclimatic characteristics of such areas, and its implications in the comfort of the people who inhabit them. Meteorological factors were measured on a pedestrian street of Mendoza Metropolitan Area (MMA) in both winter and summer. From these data, we calculated the index COMFA. These results were compared with information obtained from simultaneous surveys, which reflects the subjective opinion of people on the site evaluated. Initial results show that a purely physiological approach is inadequate for characterizing comfort conditions outdoors, and an understanding of human dynamics is a required parameter in the design of spaces for public use. Knowledge of the process of human adaptation to climatic conditions prevailing in a city is of use to architects, planners and urban designers in the way that can enrich your design possibilities.
Downloads
References
Álvarez, S., Cejudo, J., Guerra, J., Molina, J., Rodríguez, E., Velázquez, R., 1992. Control climático en espacios abiertos: el proyecto Expo’92. Grupo de Termotecnia, Dpto. de Ing. Energ. y Mec. de Fluidos. Univ. de Sevilla.
Brown, R. D., Gillespie, T. J., 1995. Microclimate landscape design. New York: Wiley.
Cantón, A., Cortegoso, J., De Rosa, C., 1993. Solar permeability of urban trees in cities of western Argentina. Energy and Buildings, Vol. 20, p. 219-230.
Cantón, A., De Rosa, C., Kasperidus, H., 2003. Sustentabilidad del bosque urbano en el área metropolitana de la ciudad de Mendoza. Análisis y diagnóstico de la condición de las arboledas. Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Vol. 7, p. 01.29-01.34.
Correa, E., Pattini, A., Córica, M. L., Fornés, M., Lesino, G., 2005. Evaluación del factor de visión del cielo a partir del procesamiento digital de imágenes hemiésfericas. Influencia de la configuración del cañon urbano en la disponibilidad del recurso solar. Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Vol. 9, 2005.
Correa, E., Ruiz, A., Cantón, A., 2010. Estrategias de mitigación de la isla de calor urbana. Impacto sobre las condiciones de confort de los espacios abiertos en ciudades de clima semidesértico. XXXIII Semana Nacional de Energía Solar. Asociación Nacional de Energía Solar. México.
Gaitani, N., Mihalakakou, G., Santamouris, M., 2007. On the use of bioclimatic architecture principles in order to improve thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces. Building and Environment, Vol. 42, p. 317-324.
Gehl, J., 1996. Life between buildings, using public space. Arkitekt Forlag 173–201.
Givoni, B., Noguchi, M., Saaroni, H., Pochter, O., Yaacov, Y., Feller, N. and Becker, S., 2003. Outdoor comfort research issues. Energy and Buildings, 35, pp. 77-86.
Höppe, P., 2002. Different aspects of assessing indoor and outdoor thermal comfort. Energy Buildings, 34:661–665 Kántor, N., Unger, J., Gulyás, A., 2007. Human bioclimatological evaluation with objective and subjective approaches on the thermal conditions of a square in the centre of Szeged. Acta Climatologica et Chorologica, Universitatis Szegediensis. Vol. 40-41, 2007, p. 47-58.
Kuchen, E., Fisch, M. N., Gonzalo, G. E., Nozica, G. N., 2009. Predicción del índice de disconformidad térmica en espacios de oficina considerando el diagnóstico de usuarios. Avances en Energ. Renov. y Medioamb. 13, 1,15-22.
Nasar, J. L., Yurdakul, A. R., 1990. Patterns of behaviour in urban public spaces. J Archit Plan Res, 7:1:71–85 Nikolopoulou, M., 2004. Designing open spaces in the urban environment: a bioclimatic approach. Centre of
Renewable Energy Sources (CRES), Greece. ISBN: 960-86907-2-2.
Nikolopoulou, M., Baker, N., Steemers, K., 1999. Thermal comfort in urban spaces: different forms of adaptation, in: Proceedings of the REBUILD 1999 on Shaping Our Cities for the 21st Century, Barcelona.
Nikolopoulou, M., Baker, N., Steemers, K., 2001. Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: the human parameter, Solar Energy, Vol. 70, No. 3, p. 227-235.
Nikolopoulou, M., Lykoudis, S., Kikira, M., 2003. Thermal Comfort in Outdoor Spaces: field studies in Greece. In: 5th International Conference on Urban Climate, IAUC-WMO, Lodz, Poland.
Nikolopoulou, M., Steemers, K., 2003. Thermal comfort and psychological adaptation as a guide for designing urban spaces. Energy and Buildings, Vol. 35, No. 1, p. 95-101.
Oke, T. R., 1990. Boundary layer climates. 2ª ed. Routledge, London.
Ruiz, A. y Correa, E., 2009. Confort térmico en espacios abiertos. Comparación de modelos y su aplicabilidad en ciudades de zonas áridas. Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Vol. 13, 2009, p. 01.71-01.78.
Ruiz, A., Correa, E., Cantón, A., 2010. Componentes urbanos presentes en ciudades “oasis” de zonas áridas y su influencia sobre las condiciones de confort térmico. XIII Encontro Nacional de Tecnologia do Ambiente Construído. Associação Nacional de Tecnologia do Ambiente Construído. Brasil.
Scudo, G., 2002. Thermal comfort. Green structure and urban planning - Progress Report 2002. European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research - COST Action C11.
Thorsson, S.; Lindqvist, M. y Lindqvist, S., 2004. Thermal bioclimatic conditions and patterns of behaviour in an urban park in Göteborg, Sweden. International Journal of Biometeorology, 48, pp. 149-156.
Villalba, R., Masiokas, M. H., Kitzberger, T., Boninsegna, J. A., 2005. Biogeographical Consequences of Recent Climate Changes in the Southern Andes of Argentina. En: Global Changes and Mountain Regions. U. Huber and M. Reasoner (eds.). Mountain Research Initiative, Switzerland, pags. 157-168.
